Iroquois Names: Meaning and Origin

What is the Iroquois Confederacy?

The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, is a historical and cultural alliance of Native American tribes. It traces its origin and history back centuries, and its significance in Native American culture cannot be overstated.

In fact, the Iroquois Confederacy played a crucial role in shaping the history and traditions of the Native American people, including the Mohawk people, who are one of the member tribes of the confederacy.

Origin and History of the Iroquois Confederacy

The Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Haudenosaunee or Six Nations Confederacy, is a historically significant alliance of indigenous tribes that originated in the northeastern region of North America. The Confederacy is composed of six main tribes, each with its distinct culture, surnames, language, and territory.

1. Mohawk: The Mohawk nation, also known as the Kanienʼkehá꞉ka, are known for their tenacity and warrior traditions. They inhabited the eastern part of what is now New York State and parts of Canada. They were skilled builders of longhouses and renowned for their unique hairstyle featuring a shaved head with a single strip of hair down the middle.
2. Oneida: The Oneida tribe, or Onʌyoteʼa·ká in their language, resided in the central region of present-day New York State. They were known for their agricultural expertise, cultivating crops such as corn, beans, and squash. The Oneida people were active participants in the Confederacy and were known for their diplomatic skills.
3. Onondaga: The Onondaga Nation was the central fire of the Confederacy, responsible for maintaining the council fire and acting as a unifying force for the american indian community. They occupied the area around present-day Syracuse, New York. The Great Law of Peace, which served as the foundation for the Confederacy’s governance, was formulated by the Onondaga and serves as a model of democratic governance.
4. Cayuga: The Cayuga people resided in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. Their name, Goyogouins, means “People of the Great Swamp.” The Cayuga contributed to the Confederacy’s governance and decision-making processes, playing a significant role in the alliance’s administration.
5. Seneca: The Seneca tribe lived in the western part of New York State and also in parts of what is now Ohio and Pennsylvania. They were known for their agricultural practices, trading networks, and strong warrior tradition. The Seneca were often referred to as the “Keepers of the Western Door” in the Confederacy.
6. Tuscarora: The Tuscarora, originally from the southeastern United States, joined the Confederacy later, around the early 18th century. They settled among the iroquois in the region north of the Oneida territory after facing conflicts with European settlers in their original homeland. The Tuscarora brought their unique culture and perspectives to the Confederacy, enriching its diversity.

Together, these six tribes formed the Iroquois Confederacy, a remarkable example of a successful intertribal alliance that lasted for centuries. The Iroquoian Confederacy’s structure, governance, and principles greatly influenced the formation of democratic ideals in the early United States.

Understanding Iroquois Naming Traditions

Traditional Iroquois Naming Customs

The Iroquois confederation people have a rich naming tradition that is deeply tied to their culture and spirituality. Personal names are seen as sacred and hold great significance for native people. They are believed to shape the individual’s identity and influence their path in life.

In the naming process, elders and spiritual leaders play a crucial role. They may use divination, dreams, or spiritual ceremonies to select a name that reflects the child’s character, talents, and future.

Meaning and Symbolism in Iroquois Names

Iroquois nation names often carry deep meanings and symbolism. They can reflect personal traits, ancestral connections, or spiritual concepts. Let’s explore some of the most common names of each of the tribes that make up the Iroquois Confederacy.

Popular Mohawk Names and their Meaning

Here are a few examples of popular Mohawk names along with their meanings:

1. Tekakwitha (pronounced teh-kahk-wee-thah): This name is associated with Saint Kateri Tekakwitha, a famous Mohawks – Algonquin woman who lived in the 17th century and is now recognized as a Catholic saint. The name Tekakwitha means “She who bumps into things,” which is a reference to an accident she had as a child that left her partially blinded.
2. Kanentokon (pronounced kah-nen-toh-kon): This name means “Long River” or “River of Dreams.” It reflects a connection to nature, particularly rivers, which were of great importance to the Mohawk people for transportation, sustenance, and spiritual significance.
3. Sakoieta (pronounced sah-koy-eh-tah): Meaning “One who brings happiness,” this name embodies positive qualities and a sense of joy. It reflects the desire for the individual to bring happiness to their community and loved ones.
4. Atsihsa (pronounced aht-see-sah): This name translates to “Standing Deer.” It often symbolizes strength, grace, and a connection to the natural world. Deer were important animals to many indigenous tribes for their meat, hide, and spiritual symbolism.
5. Otsitsakaion (pronounced oht-see-tsah-kai-on): Meaning “He Clears the Way,” this name is associated with leadership and the idea of someone who paves the path for others. It suggests a person who guides their community and helps overcome obstacles.
6. Awenheeyoh (pronounced ah-wen-hee-yoh): This name signifies “He Watches Over.” It reflects the idea of vigilance and protection, suggesting an individual who takes care of their community and keeps a watchful eye on their surroundings.
7. Kaniahserehtha (pronounced kah-nee-ah-say-reh-thah): Translating to “Beautiful Snow,” this name celebrates the beauty and purity of snow. It may also be used metaphorically to describe an individual with a gentle and serene personality.
8. Skawenniio (pronounced skah-wen-nee-yoh): Meaning “Beyond Beautiful,” this name emphasizes exceptional beauty, suggesting an individual who possesses both physical and inner beauty.
9. Teyoninhokarawen (pronounced teh-yoh-neen-hoh-kah-ra-wen): This name signifies “He Looks for It.” It conveys the idea of someone who seeks knowledge, truth, or understanding. It reflects a curious and inquisitive nature.

Popular Oneida Names and their Meaning

Here are a few examples of popular Oneida names along with their meanings:

1. Skenandoa: This name belongs to a prominent Oneida chief known for his efforts to promote peace and cooperation between Native American tribes and European settlers during the American Revolution. The name Skenandoa is believed to mean “Beyond the Hill” or “Across the Hill” in the Oneida language, referencing his place of burial.
2. Yawanahkwathta: This name translates to “Blossoming Flower.” It symbolizes growth, beauty, and the unfolding of potential. The name reflects the idea of a person who brings positivity and vitality to their community.
3. Tekahionwake (E. Pauline Johnson): A famous Canadian poet and performer of Mohawk and European descent, Tekahionwake’s name means “Double Wampum.” This refers to the traditional practice of using wampum beads as a form of currency and communication among Native American tribes. Her name reflects her mixed heritage and the dual aspects of her identity.
4. Awenita: Meaning “Fawn” or “Young Deer,” this name is often associated with grace, gentleness, and a connection to nature. Deer were important animals to many Native American tribes, and they often symbolize sensitivity and awareness.
5. Shako: This name translates to “Corn Plant.” Corn, or maize, was a staple crop for the Oneida people and many other indigenous tribes. The name Shako signifies sustenance, abundance, and the importance of agriculture.
6. Onatah: Meaning “Daughter of the Earth,” this name emphasizes the deep connection between human beings and the natural world. It reflects the Oneida belief in their close relationship with the land and their role as caretakers of the Earth.
7. Huyana: Translating to “Rainbow,” this name is often associated with beauty and diversity. The rainbow is a symbol of hope and the coming together of different elements, making it a fitting name for someone who brings harmony and positivity.
8. Tohuntu: This name signifies “Clear Sky” or “Open Sky.” It reflects a sense of openness, clarity, and freedom. The name may be given to someone who is known for their honesty and straightforwardness.
9. Oyongwa: Meaning “Morning Star,” this name is often associated with light, guidance, and a sense of new beginnings. The morning star is seen as a herald of the dawn, symbolizing hope and inspiration.
10. Wawiyatatonhsera: This name translates to “She Keeps the Peace” or “She Maintains Harmony.” It reflects the important role of peacemakers within Native American communities and their efforts to maintain balance and understanding.

Popular Onondaga Names and their Meaning

Here are some examples of popular Onondaga names along with their meanings:

1. Tadodaho: This name is historically associated with a legendary figure who played a significant role in the formation of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. The name Tadodaho is often translated as “He Who Holds the Door” or “Keeper of the Eastern Door.” Tadodaho was seen as a protector and guardian.
2. Atotarho: Similar to Tadodaho, Atotarho is a legendary figure associated with the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. The name is often interpreted as “He Who Grasps the Sky.” Atotarho’s story involves transformation and overcoming challenges, symbolizing resilience and growth.
3. Onatah: Meaning “Daughter of the Earth,” this name emphasizes the close relationship between humans and the natural world. It reflects the belief that people are connected to and stewards of the Earth.
4. Skanawatih: Translating to “One Who Makes Peace,” this name underscores the importance of peacemaking and conflict resolution within the Onondaga culture. It reflects a person’s ability to bridge divides and maintain harmony.
5. Gahyadaseh: This name signifies “He Laughs,” suggesting a person with a joyful and lighthearted disposition. Laughter is often seen as a positive and healing force within indigenous communities.
6. Deyohahá: Meaning “Carrying the Message,” this name highlights the role of communication and sharing knowledge. It reflects the value placed on those who transmit important information and wisdom.
7. Yotinons: This name translates to “Quiet Waters.” It symbolizes tranquility, calmness, and serenity. Quiet waters are often associated with peacefulness and a sense of renewal.
8. Yawě: Signifying “Light,” this name is connected to illumination, understanding, and enlightenment. Light is often a symbol of clarity and insight.
9. Otthéwenní: This name means “He Walks With Care.” It emphasizes mindfulness, attentiveness, and the idea of moving through life with consideration for others and the world around us.
10. Onyoteaka: Translating to “Always Prepared,” this name reflects a sense of readiness and adaptability. It signifies an individual who is equipped to face challenges and opportunities with foresight.

Popular Cayuga Names and their Meaning

Here are some examples of popular Cayuga names along with their meanings:

1. Gah-ñiyo (pronounced gah-nyee-yoh): This name translates to “Lake.” It symbolizes the importance of water bodies like lakes to the Cayuga people, who have a strong connection to the land and its resources.
2. Yoskwiyo (pronounced yos-kwee-yoh): Meaning “Smiling Face,” this name reflects an individual’s cheerful and friendly nature. It represents someone who brings joy and positivity to their community.
3. Ogenyoh (pronounced oh-geh-nyoh): Translating to “Singer,” this name is often associated with someone who has a musical or melodious voice. Singing and music are essential parts of many indigenous cultures.
4. Skwiyo (pronounced skwee-yoh): Signifying “Sun,” this name carries a sense of light, warmth, and life. The sun is a symbol of energy and vitality in many cultures.
5. Neoduh (pronounced nee-oh-duh): Meaning “Bear,” this name is connected to the qualities attributed to bears, such as strength, protection, and wisdom. Bears are often seen as powerful and revered animals.
6. Tadadaho (pronounced tah-dah-dah-hoh): Similar to the name found in other Haudenosaunee tribes, Tadadaho is a title of leadership and honor. It’s associated with the position of spiritual leader and protector of the confederacy.
7. Otsitsya (pronounced oht-see-syah): Translating to “Feather,” this name is often linked to birds and their significance in Cayuga culture. Feathers can symbolize freedom, spirituality, and connection to the sky.
8. Skana (pronounced skah-nah): This name signifies “Fire.” Fire is a vital element for warmth, cooking, and community gatherings. It can also symbolize transformation and renewal.
9. Ojinehta (pronounced oh-jee-neh-tah): Meaning “One Who Leads,” this name reflects leadership qualities and the ability to guide and inspire others. Leadership is highly valued in indigenous communities.
10. Tsiniya (pronounced tsee-nee-yah): This name translates to “Bird.” Birds are often seen as messengers between the physical and spiritual worlds. The name can also symbolize freedom and mobility.

Popular Seneca Names and their Meaning

Here are some examples of popular Seneca names along with their meanings:

1. Gaagii (pronounced gah-gee): Meaning “Raven,” this name is often associated with intelligence, adaptability, and a connection to the spirit world. Ravens are known for their wisdom and mystical symbolism.
2. Ganöhsësë’ (pronounced gah-noh-seh-seh): Translating to “Snow Falling,” this name symbolizes the beauty and purity of snow. It reflects the natural world’s influence on the Seneca people and their close connection to the land.
3. Onöhgwisanë’ (pronounced oh-noh-gwee-sah-neh): This name signifies “He is Standing Up.” It can reflect qualities of strength, resilience, and the ability to stand firm in the face of challenges.
4. Gaihwiyo (pronounced guy-wee-yoh): Meaning “Takes Care of Them,” this name is associated with caregiving, protection, and a sense of responsibility towards others.
5. Deyonhehgwáhde (pronounced day-yon-heh-gwah-deh): This name translates to “Carries the Bundle.” It may symbolize someone who carries important responsibilities or knowledge for their community, much like a bundle of essential items.
6. Ëgegwa’ägöhsö:nę’ (pronounced eh-ge-gwah-ah-goh-soh-nuh): Signifying “She Keeps the Fire,” this name is connected to the important role of fire in Seneca culture. Fire represents warmth, community, and spiritual significance.
7. Hodi’gë:da’ (pronounced hoh-dee-geh-dah): Meaning “New Moon,” this name is linked to cycles and renewal. The new moon is a symbol of beginnings and fresh starts.
8. Adadodarho (pronounced ah-dah-doh-dahr-hoh): Similar to the Tadodaho title found in other Haudenosaunee tribes, Adadodarho is associated with leadership and guidance. It signifies a person who is respected and holds a position of honor.
9. Goyathlay (pronounced goh-yah-thlay): This name means “One Who Yawns.” While yawning may seem ordinary, the name could carry a deeper symbolic meaning related to awakening, awareness, or contemplation.
10. Gadewasgeh (pronounced gah-deh-wahs-geh): Translating to “One Who Makes a Difference,” this name emphasizes the impact and positive influence an individual has on their community and the world around them.

Popular Tuscarora Names and their Meaning

Here are some examples of popular Seneca names along with their meanings:

1. Gaagii (pronounced gah-gee): Meaning “Raven,” this name is often associated with intelligence, adaptability, and a connection to the spirit world. Ravens are known for their wisdom and mystical symbolism.
2. Ganöhsësë’ (pronounced gah-noh-seh-seh): Translating to “Snow Falling,” this name symbolizes the beauty and purity of snow. It reflects the natural world’s influence on the Seneca people and their close connection to the land.
3. Onöhgwisanë’ (pronounced oh-noh-gwee-sah-neh): This name signifies “He is Standing Up.” It can reflect qualities of strength, resilience, and the ability to stand firm in the face of challenges.
4. Gaihwiyo (pronounced guy-wee-yoh): Meaning “Takes Care of Them,” this name is associated with caregiving, protection, and a sense of responsibility towards others.
5. Deyonhehgwáhde (pronounced day-yon-heh-gwah-deh): This name translates to “Carries the Bundle.” It may symbolize someone who carries important responsibilities or knowledge for their community, much like a bundle of essential items.
6. Ëgegwa’ägöhsö:nę’ (pronounced eh-ge-gwah-ah-goh-soh-nuh): Signifying “She Keeps the Fire,” this name is connected to the important role of fire in Seneca culture. Fire represents warmth, community, and spiritual significance.
7. Hodi’gë:da’ (pronounced hoh-dee-geh-dah): Meaning “New Moon,” this name is linked to cycles and renewal. The new moon is a symbol of beginnings and fresh starts.
8. Adadodarho (pronounced ah-dah-doh-dahr-hoh): Similar to the Tadodaho title found in other Haudenosaunee tribes, Adadodarho is associated with leadership and guidance. It signifies a person who is respected and holds a position of honor.
9. Goyathlay (pronounced goh-yah-thlay): This name means “One Who Yawns.” While yawning may seem ordinary, the name could carry a deeper symbolic meaning related to awakening, awareness, or contemplation.
10. Gadewasgeh (pronounced gah-deh-wahs-geh): Translating to “One Who Makes a Difference,” this name emphasizes the impact and positive influence an individual has on their community and the world around them.